Which exceptions apply to the enforceability of due on sale clauses for properties with 1-4 units?

The enforceability of due-on-sale clauses, which allow lenders to demand full repayment of a loan if the property is sold or transferred, has specific exceptions, particularly for properties containing 1-4 residential units. Intra-family transfers and home improvement loans are recognized exceptions because they allow for the transfer of ownership without triggering the due-on-sale clause. This is primarily to support familial arrangements and the improvement of the family home, which is often seen as a beneficial practice that should not be penalized by acceleration of the mortgage.

Intra-family transfers facilitate situations where a property is passed down within a family or sold to a family member, thus encouraging home ownership within families. Home improvement loans are another exception, as they are generally viewed as a way to enhance the value of the property, benefiting both the homeowner and the lender by potentially increasing the property’s worth.

Understanding the context of other choices helps clarify why they do not fit as exceptions. Commercial transfers, for instance, often involve different sets of rules than residential transactions, as they are tied to business activities rather than personal residence. Government-assisted loans may have specific regulatory frameworks, but they do not universally apply as an exception for all 1-4 unit properties. Similarly, transfers with financial guarantees do